Auditability
The ability to trace and verify the integrity, authenticity, and accuracy of data or transactions through detailed records and logs.
Audit Trail or Audit Log
An electronic or paper log used to track the destination and the source of changes to software or hardware components. It shows who has accessed the system and what operations he or she has performed during a given period of time.
Augmented reality
Technology that overlays virtual objects or information onto the real-world environment, enhancing the user’s perception and interaction with their surroundings.
Authentication
The process of identifying an individual usually based on a username and password. Authentication merely ensures that the individual is who he or she claims to be, but says nothing about the access rights of the individual. The process of verifying the identity of an individual or entity to ensure authorized access and secure transactions.
Authorization
The process of granting or denying access to a system based on the permissions given to the user.
Backup
Making a copy of everything on the system at regular intervals in case the system malfunctions and the programs and data are lost.
Balanced Scorecard
The Balanced Scorecard is a performance measurement model. It offers a way for a corporation to gain a wider perspective on its strategic decisions by considering the impact on finances, customers, internal processes and employee learning. The analysis takes into account financial and nonfinancial measures, internal improvements, past outcomes and ongoing requirements as indications of future performance.
Bandwidth
The rate of data transfer over the network measures in bits per second (bps).
Batch Processing
A method used to process a group of transactions at one time with minimum human intervention. This is performed by a program that is executed outside of the “online” system and directly updates the data in that system.
Benchmark
A test used to compare performance of hardware and/or software against a standard. The standard is set as the “benchmark” that is to be achieved. Test results are reviewed against this benchmark to see if the system is performing as expected.
